Which of the following is a common viral cause of gastroenteritis?

Norovirus is a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide, and is known for its highly contagious nature and rapid spread, particularly in crowded environments such as cruise ships, schools, and nursing homes. It primarily affects the stomach and intestines, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and stomach cramps. Norovirus can be transmitted through contaminated food, water, surfaces, and direct contact with infected individuals, making it a significant public health concern.

Rotavirus is also a common viral cause of gastroenteritis, especially in children, but norovirus has gained prominence in adult populations and outbreaks. Escherichia coli, while it can cause gastrointestinal diseases, is primarily a bacterial pathogen, and Salmonella, too, is a bacterial cause of gastroenteritis that is typically associated with foodborne illness from contaminated animal products. Thus, norovirus stands out as the primary viral pathogen commonly responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks in various demographics.