Which cell types are classified as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a crucial role in the immune response by capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to T lymphocytes, facilitating the activation of the adaptive immune system. The three main types of professional APCs are B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which are specifically designed to perform this function effectively.

B lymphocytes are important not only for antibody production but also for their ability to present antigens to helper T cells. They express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, allowing them to display processed antigens.

Macrophages are versatile immune cells that not only phagocytize pathogens and debris but also act as APCs. They have a strong capacity for antigen uptake and processing, and like B cells, they present antigens via MHC class II molecules.

Dendritic cells are considered the most efficient APCs. They are specialized to capture and present antigens to T cells, initiating and regulating the adaptive immune response. They are particularly effective at migrating to lymph nodes to interact with T cells.

The other options contain cell types that either do not serve the professional APC role or are not primarily involved in antigen presentation. For instance, neutrophils are primarily