What type of molecules are defensins?

Defensins are a type of cationic peptide, which means they are positively charged peptides that play a crucial role in the immune response. These small proteins are primarily involved in the innate immune system and are found in various organisms, including humans. They have antimicrobial properties and are capable of combating a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Their mechanism of action typically involves disrupting the microbial cell membrane, leading to cell lysis and death of the pathogen.

Being cationic in nature enhances their ability to interact with negatively charged components of microbial membranes, making them effective at neutralizing threats to the host. This role as an antimicrobial agent distinguishes defensins from other molecule types, such as enzymes, antibodies, and lipopolysaccharides, which serve different functions in the immune response or cell structure.