What is the primary function of antibodies?

Antibodies primarily function to aid in the immune response against foreign structures, such as pathogens like bacteria and viruses. These proteins are produced by B cells in response to specific antigens present on these foreign invaders. Once produced, antibodies can bind to these antigens, which serves several critical purposes in the immune system.

When antibodies attach to antigens, they can neutralize pathogens directly by blocking their ability to infect cells. Additionally, this binding can mark pathogens for destruction by other immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, through a process known as opsonization. Antibodies also activate the complement system, which contributes to the destruction of pathogens.

This role of antibodies is crucial for the adaptive immune response, as they provide specificity to the immune reaction, ensuring that the body can effectively target and eliminate specific pathogens that it has previously encountered. In summary, the primary function of antibodies lies in facilitating a coordinated immune response against foreign structures, distinguishing them as vital components of the immune system.