What does phagocytosis refer to?

Phagocytosis refers to the process by which certain cells, often immune cells, engulf and internalize solid particles, such as pathogens, dead cells, or debris. This is a crucial function in the immune response, allowing the body to eliminate harmful substances and maintain homeostasis. During phagocytosis, the cell membrane extends around the particle, forming a pocket that eventually closes off to form a vesicle inside the cell. This vesicle then fuses with lysosomes, leading to the digestion and breakdown of the engulfed material.

Understanding phagocytosis is vital in microbiology and health, as it highlights the role of phagocytic cells, like macrophages and neutrophils, in protecting the body against infections and facilitating tissue repair. The other choices focus on different cellular processes, such as viral replication, liquid absorption (pinocytosis), and enzymatic digestion, which do not accurately describe phagocytosis itself.