How do T cells contribute to the immune response?

T cells play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response by recognizing and responding to specific antigens. When T cells encounter an antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell, they become activated and differentiate into various subtypes, including helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells. Helper T cells assist other immune cells by releasing cytokines, which help enhance the immune response, while cytotoxic T cells directly target and kill infected or cancerous cells. This ability to recognize antigens allows T cells to specifically target pathogens and infected cells, contributing to a more effective and tailored immune response.

The other options describe different types of immune responses or actions performed by other immune cells, such as B cells producing antibodies or phagocytic cells like macrophages engulfing pathogens, which are not the primary functions of T cells. While T cells can release molecules that have toxic effects, their principal role in the immune response is centered on antigen recognition and the mediation of specific immune functions.